Beachcombers, Traders & Castaways in Micronesia

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Abraham Pohnpei (1840)

Abraham was a white man living on Pohnpei in 1840. He may have come about 1835. He was said to have been responsible for several murders and robberies from ships. He stole a sail from Dr. Gulick, one of the missionaries, in 1855.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 209; HMCS, Gulick, 26 Mar 1855

Adams Pohnpei (1869-1870)

Adams was an American trader contracted to work for Ben Pease as an agent on "an island west of Ponape." He was stranded on Pohnpei for several months in early 1870 until the USS "Jamestown" finally supplied him with provisions in June 1870.

This may have been the same "Adams" who deserted from the whaleship "Emily Morgan" in October 1856. It could also have been the John Adams who deserted from the "Milton" in March 1855.

Sources: Tru tun 1870: encl 3, Tru ton, 27 June 1870; Chase 1859: entry for Oct 1856

John Adams Pohnpei (1855)

John Adams was an American whaleman who deserted on Pohnpei from the "Milton" in March 1855.

Sources: Smith 1851: entry for Mar 1855

Ale ander ? Pohnpei (1851)

Ale ander deserted at Pohnpei from the whaleship "Mohawk" in November 1851.

Sources: Swain 1854: entry for Nov 1851

Thomas Amos Pohnpei (1844)

Thomas Amos deserted at Pohnpei from the whaleship "Phoebe" in April 1844.

Sources: Harris 1847: entry for Apr 1844

Benthe Armmer Pohnpei, Ngatik (1835-1837)

Benthe Armmer was left on Pohnpei in 1835 by brig "Harmony" to trade. He was brought to Ngatik by Captain Hart in 1837.

Sources: Riesenberg's notes??

Patrick Arnold Pohnpei (1856)

Patrick Arnold was living on Pohnpei in early 1856. He shipped aboard the whaleship "Martha" in March 1856.

Sources: Meader 1857: entry for Mar 1856

Thomas Badger Pohnpei, Pingelap, Mokil, Kosrae (1862-1870)

Thomas Badger was a trader who was living on Mokil in 1862, at the visit of the "Globe." In January 1869 Badger and his wife were moved from Pohnpei to Pingelap, where he was stationed as a trader for Ben Pease. Soon afterwards he was on Kosrae for a few months. He left there in January 1870 to serve as the trading master aboard the "Malolo." He performed this work until early June 1870, when he was discharged on Pohnpei.

Sources: Bridges 1870: entries for 7 Jan & 3 June 1870; Tinker 1863

John Baker Pohnpei (1842)

John Baker was born in Newburgh, NY, in 1824. He deserted at Pohnpei from the whaleship "Sharon" in October 1842, but shipped aboard the "Wilmington and Liverpool Packet" in November 1842.

Sources: White 1845: entry for Oct 1842

Billy Barlow Pohnpei (1840)

Billy Barlow was living on Pohnpei in 1840.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 209

Christian Barbus (Barbosa) Pohnpei (1883-1891)

Christian Barbus (sometimes known as Barbosa) was a West Indian black from Cape Verde. One author (Christian) says he first came to Pohnpei on "Helen Mar." He arrived on Pohnpei around 1883 and was still living on Pohnpei in 1890. He spied for the Spanish after they set up their administration on the island while trading on the side. He betrayed John Cameron to the Spanish for selling guns to the people and was shortly afterwards shot to death. In April 1891, Christian Barbus was killed by a leading chief of Palikir whom he had turned in to the Spaniards. The chief lured him into a trap and shot him, afterwards hacking his body into pieces with a machete.

"Barbus was a Cape Verde black of enormous size and strength who was a brawler and notorious womanizer; he reportedly bore the scars of twenty knife wounds on his body and spent much of his time in pursuit of women, many of whom he placed in makeshift brothels around the colony for the entertainment of the Spanish and Filipino troops."

Sources: Farrell 1928: 341-2; Christian 1967: 98-99; Hezel 1995: 28, 85

John Barrow Mokil (1869)

John Barrow deserted from "Camilla" at Mokil in September 1869.

Sources: Jones 1871

George Barrows Chuuk, Kapingamarangi (1880-1882)

George Barrows was an American who spent some time in Samoa, and from there went to the Kingsmill Islands (Kiribati) in 1878. After a couple of years there, he went to Kapingamarangi for a few weeks in 1879 or 1880 and then went on to Namoluk as a trader. He spent a year there (1880-1881) but his business did badly, so he moved back to Kapingamarangi to work as an independent trader. He brought two people from the Kingsmills with him. Just five months after his arrival, he was drowned by the people of that island, seemingly at the instigation of a trading rival, John Rees. The people also killed the two Kingsmill Islanders at Rees' urging.

Sources: LeHunte 1883a: investigation into death of Barrows, 16, 42-43, 48; Westwood 1905: 119-20, 135-9.

Joe Bates Pohnpei (1843)

Joe Bates was in Pohnpei in 1843. He killed another white by the name of Thomson with a musket while they were preparing to fight. He also attempted to kill the trader Andrew Cheyne.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 287, 292

Lem Bath Pohnpei (1856)

Lem Bath was living on Pohnpei in 1856. He shipped aboard the whaleship "Martha" in March 1856.

Sources: Meader 1857: entry for Mar 1856

John Battush Pohnpei (1853)

John Battush was put ashore sick on Pohnpei by the whaleship "Milton" in October 1853. He was supposed to rejoin the ship when it returned to Pohnpei and Battush had regained his health.

Sources: Thompson 1856: entry for Oct 1853

John Batz (Bates?) Pohnpei (1856)

John Batz (probably Bates) was taken aboard the whaleship "Young Hector" as a boatsteerer in September 1855. He may have been taken on the ship in the Gilberts. He deserted the ship at Pohnpei in March 1856.

Sources: Smith 1857: entries for Sept 1855 and Mar 1856

H.D. Bayer Palau, Ngatik (1884-1885)

Captain H.D. Bayer and twelve of the crew of his ship "Bothwell Castle" of New South Wales were stranded on Ngatik in December 1884 when his ship was wrecked. Bayer and three others made Palau in an open boat in March 1885. The rest of the crew was taken off Ngatik prior to October 1885.

Sources: FOCP 5199: memo on the visit of HMS Comus and Lily to Pellew Islands in 1881-1882

Beader Pohnpei (1856)

Beader was an officer on the whaleship "Martha." He deserted on Pohnpei in March 1856.

Sources: Meader 1857: entry for Mar 1856

Harry Beaumont Pohnpei (1887-1896)

Harry Beaumont was an Englishman living on Pohnpei in 1887. He served as the chief carpenter for Henry Nanpei in 1896.

Sources: Christian 1967: 69; PNA leg 13, exp 42

Felix Becker Pohnpei (1880-1882)

Felix Becker, a German, was captain of "Caroline" in 1882. He had a Marshallese wife and three children living on Pohnpei then. Becker was living on Pohnpei in November 1880.

Sources: LeHunte 1883a: 50; Young 1881: entry for Nov 1880

George Beggs Pohnpei (1850-1887)

George Beggs was was born in Scotland in 1813. He lived in Mauritius and in Calcutta before the crash of 1848, at which time he was an engineer.

In 1850 he came to Pohnpei where he worked as a blacksmith for 37 years prior to 1887. He helped the Protestant missionaries on the island and was highly regarded by them and the people there. With the decline in whaling, Beggs was forced to turn to trading to support himself. Known as "the blacksmith of Ponape," Beggs was a kindly, well-educated, quiet old man with several children.

Sources: Moss 1889: 207-209; PNA leg 13, exp 42

Charles Biddle Pohnpei, Mokil (1850-1852)

Charles Biddle had lived in the Marquesas ten years before coming to Pohnpei. He arrived on Pohnpei about 1850, but by late 1850 he was living on Mokil. He reported to the Protestant missionaries in 1852 that he tried to "sustain the reformed order of things, and that all idols were destroyed."

Biddle first arrived on Mokil to live on October 16, 1850, but he left the island in April 1851 when another white family moved to Mokil. He settled on Pohnpei for a time. In late 1852 he left for Mokil again, but he returned to Pohnpei when he found other whites on the atoll. He married a local girl in October 1852.

Biddle may have been trading for Woodin at one time.

Sources: Ward 1967: vol 4, 612-613; ABCFM: Clark to Anderson, 4 Nov 1852; The Friend, Dec 1852, 91-92, Mar 1853, 18-19

John Johan Boughnotnan Pohnpei (1873)

John Johan Boughnotnan was discharged at Pohnpei by "Avola" in May 3, 1973. He was the ship's carpenter.

Sources: Bourne 1877: entry for 3 May 1873

Alvin Bourne Pohnpei (1868)

Alvin Bourne was on Pohnpei in 1868. He approached the Captain of the "Malolo" on July 3, 1868, to sign on the ship to work his passage to Hawaii.

Sources: Bridges 1870: entry for 3 July 1868

Charles E Bowker Pohnpei, Kosrae (1882-1891)

Charles C. Bowker was an American born in Memphis on November 1, 1861. He left the US for the Pacific in 1880 and soon afterwards began living in Micronesia. He was residing on Pohnpei from 1882. He became a good friend of the Protestant missionaries, representing the Protestant mission's claim against the Spanish governor in 1891. He was unsuccessful in this, however. Bowker, who was a carpenter by trade, reputedly built the mission residence at Mwot on Kosrae. He married a Kitti girl and later took her back to Fresno, California.

Sources: Pompey 1971: 364; Thurston 1885; PNA leg 13, exp 42; The Friend, Mar 1891, 25-6

Thomas Boyd Pohnpei, Pakin (1842-1843)

Thomas Boyd had been a resident of Pohnpei even before 1842. He was said to have been a ringleader of villains who wanted to assume government of Pohnpei (Cheyne). Along with another white by the name of Butcher, he robbed John Gibson of his personal effects one night. Boyd also made an attempt to kill the Nanmwarki of Kitti, following which Andrew Cheyne had him taken to China aboard the "Bull" in December 1842. Boyd was brought back to Pohnpei on Cheyne's "Naiad" in October 1843 and put in charge of his curing station on Pakin

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 159-163, 226-228

George Bradford Pohnpei (1856)

George Bradford was on Pohnpei in 1856 and perhaps even earlier. He shipped aboard "Martha" on Pohnpei in March 1856.

Sources: Meader 1857: entry for Mar 1856

Charles Braley Pohnpei (1854)

Charles Braley was discharged from "Miantonomi" and put ashore on Pohnpei because of illness on October 7, 1854.

Sources: Clement 1854: entry for 7 Oct 1854

William Brooks Pohnpei (1834)

William Brooks was living on Pohnpei in 1834. He was hired by the captain of the "Eliza" to collect turtleshell.

Sources: Winn 1835: entry for 1 Nov 1834

Elias Brown Pohnpei (1853)

Elias Brown was a cook on "Milton.' He was put ashore sick on Pohnpei in April 1853.

Sources: Thompson 1856: entry for Apr 1853

Gustav Brown Pohnpei (1869)

Gustav Brown and his wife were brought to Pohnpei by Ben Pease in 1869 to oversee his lumber operations. He remained on Pohnpei for fourteen months without being given a position. He left the company when Coe, another of Pease's employees, attacked his wife while on Pohnpei.

Sources: Mahlmann 1918: 59; Cholmondeley 1915: 123-124, 138-141

Brown Pohnpei (1881)

Brown was living on Pohnpei (Kitti) from June through September 1881, and may have been on the island long before this. He owned a small schooner and was said to be trying to start a whaling industry on Pohnpei.

Sources: Maxwell 1881; Tripp 1884: entry for Sept 1881

John Brown Kosrae, Ngatik, Mokil, Pohnpei, Chuuk (1852)

Captain John Brown was the master of "Genii" who left it at Kosrae in late 1852 "to try to form a settlement at the South Harbor." Driven off Kosrae by order of the paramount chief, Brown put to sea in a whaleboat with 27 people on board, "including a good lot of Strong's Island girls." He sailed to Ngatik, touching at Mokil on the way, arriving just before "Sarah Mooers" was wrecked there in December 1853. Brown was said to have killed one of his men on Ngatik. He left in a small boat, which he christened "Pretoria," with four of the stranded crew of "Sarah Mooers" to get assistance in Pohnpei, but they were carried off by a heavy wind and strong sea to an island south of Oroluk, perharps Nama or Losap, where Brown was killed by the people there.

Sources: The Friend (Nov 1860), 82-84

John Brown Pohnpei (1843)

John Brown was an Englishman living on Pohnpei in January 1843. Described by his contemporaries as a desperado, he reportedly had Townsend, another beachcomber, killed for buying tortoise shell from their chief. As one of a number of conspirators tied in to another killing, he gave "coup de grace" to George May in 1840. He plotted to kill Andrew Cheyne, the English trading captain, in 1843.

Sources: Shineberg 1871: 205, 209, 290

Henry Burlingham (Burlingame) Majuro, Pingelap, Mili, (1869-1876)

Henry Burlingham, was an American trader who resided on Pingelap sometime during the 1860s. When he moved to Majuro in 1869 to trade for Bully Hayes, he left his wife and child in Pingelap. Hayes later brought the child to Majuro charging the trader $50 for the favor. Burlingham is said to have talked people out of killing first Hawaiian missionary on Majuro who "amused himself by breaking in young girls." Burlingham was still on Majuro in December 1871, and remained there for at least another year or two as an agent for Bully Hayes. He helped Kaibuke against Jibberik, a paramount chief of Majuro. He moved to Mili some time before 1876, but in June 1876 he was back on Majuro, trading for Capelle.

Sources: Restieaux 1869: 11-12; Young 1878; Pitman 1872; Dana 1935: 54-55; Browning 1972: 36

Lawrence Burnett Pohnpei (1854)

Lawrence Burnett deserted from the whaleship "Miantonomi" on Pohnpei in October 2, 1854.

Sources: Clement 1854: entry for 2 Oct 1854

John Cameron Mili, Jaluit, Pohnpei, Kiribati (1888-1893)

John Cameron, a Scotchman, was shipwrecked at Midway for eight months in 1888. He and two others left the island in a small boat and made Mili on November 25 of that year. After a week or two there, he went to Jaluit on the vessel "Ehukai." There he was employed by Crawford & Co. As the captain of the trade schooner "Ebon," he visited Kosrae and Pohnpei on trading voyages. On Pohnpei he was arrested and tried by Sapnish authorities for selling guns to the people, but was soon released. Returning to the Marshalls, he served as the master of vessels for Crawford on Jaluit for a time. In 1892 he left Crawford & Co. to trade on his own in the Gilbert Islands. Cameron had married the daughter of a chief from Mejit. Finally, in 1893, Cameron left the Pacific altogether. Years later he was the subject of a book about his experiences in the Pacific.

Sources: Farrell 1928; Stevenson 1914: 119-120

William Carroll Pohnpei (1844)

William Carroll deserted at Pohnpei from "Phoebe" in April 1844.

Sources: Harris 1847: entry for Apr 1844

Charley ? Pohnpei (1861)

Charley" was a foreigner living in Kiti in 1861. He was visited by Rev. Albert Sturges. This could be Charles Sturges, who was living on Pohnpei at this time.

Sources: Roberts 1865: Sturges to Robertson, 3 Oct 1861

Andrew Cheyne Palau, Pohnpei (1842-1866)

Andrew Cheyne was an English trader who first came to Pohnpei in 1842 as captain of a trading vessel. Between 1842 and 1844 Cheyne visited Pohnpei four times spending nearly a total of 12 months on the islands. Cheyne was trading in shell and beche-de-mer on Pohnpei at this time. He also visited Palau to set up trade stations on that island. When he moved out of Pohnpei in 1844, Cheyne set up headquarters in Palau and made a brief trading visits to Yap. After surviving an attempt on his ship in Yap, Cheyne left Micronesia in 1846.

Cheyne returned again in 1859. He established headquarters in Palau and went into partnership first with Edward Woodin and then with Alfred Tetens. He acquired 10,000 acres of land and established sugar, coffee and tobacco plantations on Palau with the intentions of importing Chinese labor to cultivate his plantations. Meanwhile, he continued trading in beche-de-mer and shell. Cheyne's relationship with the Koror people deteriorated because of his insistence on trading with their rivals in Balbeldaop. Finally, on February 6, 1866, Cheyne was clubbed to death by some local people.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 20-4

J. Christofersen Pohnpei (1887)

J. Christofersen, a Swede, was in Pohnpei in 1887. He signed a statement against Rev. Edward Doane, the Protestant missionary.

Sources: Hambruch 1932: 193; PNA, leg 13, exp 42

Frank Church Pohnpei (1874)

Frank Church deserted on Pohnpei from "Sunbeam" in June 1874. He may have been captured again soon after and taken on board the ship.

Sources: Lavers 1875: entry for June 1874

George W. Clark Pohnpei (1851)

George W. Clark was a seaman discharged from the whaleship "Harvest" on Pohnpei on December 10, 1851.

Sources: Almy 1854: entry for 10 Dec 1851

William Clarke Pohnpei, Mili (1869-1870)

William Clarke was discharged from "Malolo" on Pohnpei in October 1869. He signed on "Malolo" again at Mili in 1870. He spent at least a few months on Pohnpei and perhaps a little time on Mili.

Sources: Bridges 1870

Captain William Coe Pohnpei (1868)

Captain William Coe in his younger years lived in Apia, Samoa, where he "married half a dozen Samoan women" and served for a while as American Consul in Samoa. He seems to have come to the Micronesian area in the late 1860s. Coe was the master of a trading schooner that traded in the Pohnpei area about 1868. Ben Pease brought Coe to Pohnpei to direct his lumber station, but Coe "done nothing but drink and whore."

Coe was on Pohnpei in January 1869, assisting with the wreck of "Malolo." He left for a short time, but returned to Pohnpei on "Lizzie Allen" on 29 June 1869 to become the agent for Glover & Co. on that island. Coe accodentally shot himself and died of his wounds on March 15, 1870. He was buried in Madolenihmw.

Sources: Mahlmann 1918: 60-62; Cholmondeley 1915: 138-141; Hernsheim 1983: 44; Restieaux 1869: 8; Bridges 1870: entry for Jan 1869

Frank Coffin Pingelap, Majuro, Mili (1868-1876)

Frank Coffin was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts. He was a seaman on "Blossom" in 1867 and was put ashore in Pingelap about 1868 as a trader for Ben Pease. He was apparently an old man at the time. He complained that he was tormented during his stay there and finally left the island a few months later with another trader on Capelle's schooner. He came to Majuro in the same year and continued trading for Ben Pease. At some point, he moved to Mili, where he lived for a short time in 1876. He was reportedly forced to leave Mili after exhibiting his false teeth and frightening people into thinking that he was a demon. He returned to Majuro where he later died of a sickness that he had contracted on Pingelap.

Sources: Restieaux 1869: 5-7; Dana 1935: 53-4; Browning 1972: 36; Bridges 1870: 10 Jan 1869

Tom Coffin Pohnpei (1891)

Tom Coffin, born in "Tahita," was living on Pohnpei in December 1891. He was 75 years old at the time. He had served in the US merchant service seven years and had spent forty-one years on whaleships.

Sources: Pompey 1971: 364

Dick Cole Pohnpei, Ebon (1890)

Dick Cole was a trader for Crawford & Co. living on Pohnpei in 1890.

Sources: Farrell 1928: 347

George Cole Pohnpei (1889)

George Cole, a German (although listed elsewhere as an American), was living on Pohnpei in 1887 and 1889. He was residing in Madolenihmw.

Sources: AHN 5858, 47-9; PNA leg 13, exp 42

W. E. Cole Majuro, Pohnpei, Kosrae (1877-1880)

W. E. Cole was born in 1848. He was a trader on Majuro in December 1877. He next showed up on Pohnpei for a time in early 1880, but he apparently lived on Kosrae at this time. He died of fever aboard "Mathilde" on his way back to Kosrae--his home in later years--on April 10, 1880. He left a "white" (although perhaps Samoan) wife and two small children. Cole's wife remained on Kosrae and was an agent for Capelle & Co. during the early 1880s.

Sources: Young 1881: 10 Apr 1889 and 12 Dec 1877

Coliharo ? Pohnpei (1887)

Coliharo (?) was a Frenchman living on Pohnpei in 1887.

Sources: PNA leg 13, exp 42

Edward Conway Pohnpei (1868)

Edward Conway was living on Pohnpei in 1868 when he sought passage from Pohnpei to Hawaii aboard "Malolo" on July 3, 1868.

Sources: Bridges 1870: entry for 3 July 1868

James Cook Pohnpei (1832-1858)

James Cook was a Scotsman who came to Pohnpei about 1832. He was taken to China on the trading schooner "Naiad" in April 1844, but evidently returned to Pohnpei soon afterward. He was still living on Pohnpei in 1852 when the first missionaries arrived and in 1858 at the arrival of the "Novara." He practised as a physician, calling himself "Dr. Cook." He had a daughter by a Pohnpeian woman. "Novara's" report includes an unflattering description of Cook.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 285, 320; Ward 1967: vol 6, 165; Hambruch 1932: 153

John Copeland Pohnpei (1855)

John Copeland was a boat-steerer who deserted on Pohnpei from "Mary Frazier" on April 8, 1855.

Sources: Hazard 1856: entry for 8 Apr 1855

Louis Corgat Pohnpei (1835-1853)

Louis Corgat was a Frenchman from Seychelles Island. He came to Pohnpei in 1835 or 1836 as second mate of "Avon" under Captain Deudoit. He lived on Pohnpei many years, serving as a harbor pilot at Rohn Kiti, and was mentioned by Commander Blake of HMS "Larne." Corgat, who seems to have been rather honest person, helped the first Protestant missionaries at their arrival in 1852. Corgat died in 1853.

A Cayol Crogat, perhaps the son of Louis, went with "Morning Star" to Hawaii.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 204-205; Ward 1967: vol 6, 165, 169

Charles Covell (Cornell) Pohnpei (1857)

Charles Covell (or Cornell), a boatsteerer on the whaleship "Corinthian," was put ashore on Pohnpei in February 1857.

Sources: Tripp 1858: entry for Feb 1857

George Craighton Pohnpei (1854-1887)

George Craighton was born in London. He lived on Pohnpei from 1854 to 1864 with some interruptions, and from 1864 on steadily. He was still living on Pohnpei in 1887.

Sources: Hambruch 1932: 172; PNA leg 13, exp 42

Charles Crogroba Pohnpei (1854)

Charles Crogroba was residing on Pohnpei in 1854. He signed on the whaleship "Miantonomi" at its visit there on October 6, 1854. Two months later the ship returned and was wrecked on Pohnpei. Crogroba may have stayed on Pohnpei after this.

Sources: Clement 1854: entry for 6 Oct 1854

James Curry Chuuk, Pohnpei, Mortlocks, Nukuoro (1881-1887)

James Curry was an American (Irishman) trader who came to the Mortlocks as a trader in June 1881. He lived there for a year, until 1882, at which time he moved to Pohnpei to trade there.

He was in Nukuoro from June 1880 to June 1881. He was in Nukuoro when "Belle Brandon" put in during the summer of 1880. His son later lived in Samoa. He went to the Mortlocks the following year.

He was in Pohnpei from 1880-1883 and he was still there in 1887. He signed a statement against Rev Edward Doane.

Sources: LeHunte 1883a: statement of James Curry to the murder of George Barrows; Thurston 1885; Hambruch 1932: 193; Dana 1935: 100; PNA leg 13, exp 42

Dailey Pohnpei (1866)

Dailey was a trader on Pohnpei in 1866. He worked for Capelle & Co. and was at odds with Ben Pease, the owner of the rival trading company,

Sources: Restieaux 1869

Alfred Davis Pohnpei (1867)

Alfred David was a seaman on "Elizabeth Swift" discharged on Pohnpei on February 25, 1867.

Sources: Pontius 1868: entry for 25 Feb 1867

Thomas Davis Pohnpei, Ulul, Pingelap (1880-1881)

Thomas Davis arrived on Pingelap, aboard the "Beatrice," as a trader for Capelle & Co. in November 1880. After six months there, he was brought to Ulul as a trader in May 1881 by "Caroline."

Sources: Young 1881

Robert Day Pohnpei (1875)

Robert Day deserted at Pohnpei from "Arnolda" in July 1875.

Sources: Bauldry 1876: entry for July 1875

John Decruse Pohnpei (1851)

John Decruse was a cook aboard whaler "George & Mary" who deserted at Pohnpei on December 17, 1851.

Sources: Scovel 1852: entry for 17 Dec 1851

William Derrickson Pohnpei (1865-1866)

William Derrickson came to Pohnpei aboard one of the whaleships burnt by the Confederate raider "Shenandoah" in April 1865. He left Pohnpei in April 1866.

Sources: Browning 1976: 31

G. Dixon Pohnpei (1877)

G. Dixon was a trader brought to Pohnpei aboard "Tutuila" in April 1877.

Sources: Young 1878: 22 Apr 1877

Patrick Donahoe Pohnpei (1856)

Patrick Donahoe, a boatsteerer on the whaleship "Young Hector," was taken aboard in September 1855, possibly recruited at one of the islands in the Gilberts. He deserted at Pohnpei in March 1856.

Sources: Smith 1857: entries for Sept 1855 & Mar 1856

Henry Downs Pohnpei (1854)

Henry Downs deserted from whaleship "Ellen" on Pohnpei in November 1854. He may have been captured and brought back to the ship soon afterward, although this is not clear from the ship's log.

Sources: Huxford 1856: entry for Nov 1854

Charles Dunn Pohnpei (1841-1843)

Charles Dunn was identified as a "Sunderland man" who had resided in Fiji for mnay years. He came to Pohnpei in mid-1841 and was still on the island in January 1843, working for Cheyne curing trepang.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 203

Jack Ehlers (Hallers) Chuuk, Pohnpei, Mortlocks (1880-?)

Jack Ehlers (now spelled Hallers) was a German trader who was living on Pohnpei in November 1880. He later moved to the Mortlocks where he traded for years before coming to Chuuk. He was living on Lukunor at the arrival of the German warship "Arkona" in 1885(?). He owned a boat and was doing copra trading. Eventually his family was established in Sapore, Fefan.

Sources: Young 1881: Nov 1880; Kramer 1932: 14

John P. Eldridge Pohnpei (1865-1868)

Captain John P. Eldridge was an American from Barnstaple, Mass. He signed on as master of the whaler "Harvest," which was one of the four whaleships burned by the Confederate raider "Shenandoah" in 1865. Apparently Eldridge was ashamed at raising US colors instead of the Hawaiian flag under which he was flying. Rather than return home after the loss of his ship, Eldridge chose to remain on Pohnpei. He worked for Ben Pease as master of "Malolo" for less than a year, his work ending on July 31, 1868. He married the daughter of the Nanmwarki of Madolenihmw and could have done well piloting and trading "but he was too fond of the bottle and so he was always hard up." He signed on as mate of Bully Hayes' ship "Leonora" in September 1871. He was a "quiet, easy-going chap with no bent for rascality and he had no use at all for Hayes."

He was still living on Pohnpei as agent for Capelle & Co. in 1883.

Sources: Ward 1967: 198; Restieaux 1869; Thurston 1885

Charley "Elway" Pohnpei, Pingelap (1880s)

Charley "Elway" was an American or British university graduate and former army officer who became a trader on Pingelap in 1880s. He was said to be "able to read the 'Iliad' in Greek."

Sources: Farrell 1928: 335

Emerson Pohnpei (1887)

Emerson was an American living on Pohnpei in 1887.

Sources: PNA 1897: leg 13, exp 42

Victor England Pohnpei (1873)

Victor England was a steward on "Avola," He was put ashsore on Pohnpei in February 1873 after threatening the life of a mate on the "Avola."

Sources: Bourne 1877: entry for Feb 1873

Dominique Etscheit Marshalls, Ulul, Pohnpei (1884-1919)

Dominique Etscheit was born in Ehrenbreitstein, Rhineland. Dominique's father was a lawyer who worked for a title, landed family. He left Germany in 1871 for England to learn English. Sailing by way of Australia, he first arrived in the Pacific in 1884 to work as a trader. He lived in the Marshalls at first, supporting himself by trade. There he took a Marshallese woman as his wife, but she died in Manila not long afterwards. In 1886, according to a German deed, he bought Ulul Island in Chuuk and attempted to set up a plantation there. When this failed, he moved to Pohnpei to settle there permanently. By this time he had married a Belgian woman by the name of Florence Caymont, who became the manager of his estate when he died. In 1899 Etscheit purchased Jan Kubary's landholdings on Pohnpei, a few years after the death of the latter. Two of his children, Leo and Carlos, adopted their mother's Belgian citzenship and remained on Pohnpei until their death, while another son, Robert, and a daughter, Ella, returned to Europe.

Sources: AHN 5863, ff 238-239; letter of Alan Hughes, 22 Nov 1993; interview with Carlos Etscheit, 16 Nov. 1981

Captain Eury Pohnpei (1866)

Captain Eury was a British trader and ship captain working for Town & Co. of Sydney on Pohnpei in 1866. Eury, described as an old man at that time, was at odds with Ben Pease. Eury did not stay on Pohnpei long. By 1867 he was working out of the Gilberts for the Sydney shipowner Robert Towns and was establishing a string of trade stations for this firm in the Marshalls. One of them was robbed of its coconut oil by Ben Pease in 1867. Eury lived on Makin in the Gilberts until the early 1880s and perhaps longer.

Sources: Browning 1972: 34-37; Restieaux 1869; Thurston 1885

Emile Fabius Pohnpei (1849-1850)

Emile Fabius was a Frenchman who shipped on "Venice" at Pohnpei in March 1850 as a boat-steerer. He had been on Pohnpei since jumping ship, perhaps "Tuscany," a French ship that had been to Pohnpei a few months before.

Sources: Harris 1850: entry for Mar 1850

Faney ? Pohnpei (1887)

Faney was an American living on Pohnpei in 1887.

Sources: PNA 1897: leg 13, exp 42

Berman Follet Pohnpei (1854)

Berman Follet deserted from whaleship "Ellen" on Pohnpei in November 1854.

Sources: Huxford 1856: entry for Nov 1854

Frank ? Pohnpei (1887)

Frank was a Mexican living on Pohnpei in 1887.

Sources: PNA leg 13, exp 42

Freeman Pohnpei (1843)

Freeman was an Englishman living on Pohnpei. He worked for Andrew Cheyne collecting beche-de-mer in 1843.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 207

Henry Gardner (aka John H. Oldham) Jaluit, Ujelang, Nukuoro, Pohnpei (1868-1890?)

Henry Gardner was an American trader. Gardner was born in 1830. He was an interpeter aboard the "Water Lily" in 1868 during its cruise to the Gilbert Islands. He was left on Jaluit in April 1868 by "Malolo" to take charges of Ben Pease's station there. He replaced Robert Keyser who was taken off the island by "Malolo" for the murder of Lewis, another trader. Gardner worked for Pease until 1870 and then testified to USS "Jamestown" on Pohnpei for Pease's crimes. For a short time Gardner lived on Pohnpei. In 1871, Gardner went to Ujelang to trade for Bully Hayes. He was still in the Marshalls, probably still living on Ujelang, in 1874.

Gardner is said to have had something of a conversion, changed his name to "John Oldham," became a strong supporter of the Protestant church, and spent the rest of his life on Pohnpei. He was living on Nukuoro as a trader in August 1884. By 1887 he was back on Pohnpei, where he took care of Rev. Doane during the latter's illness in 1890.

Sources: Goodenough 1875; Bridges 1870; US Consuls 1906: Dispatch 456, sub 8, encl 3, testimony of Gardner; LeHunte 1883a: statement of Charles Ingalls; PNA leg 13, exp 42; "The Friend" 48.5 (May 1890)

George Pohnpei (1880-1883)

George was a British trader living on Pohnpei, 1880-1883. (This could be George Cole.)

Sources: Thurston 1885

J. Gibbon Kapingamarangi (1880-1883)

J. Gibbon was a British trader living on Kapingamarangi, 1880-1883.

Sources: Thurston 1885

John Gibson Pohnpei (1842)

John Gibson, a European, was residing on Pohnpei in December 1842 when Andrew Cheyne arrived and began to trade on the island. Gibson served as Cheyne's interpreter. He assaulted another beachcomber, Richard Reid, one evening while the two of them were drinking cocnut toddy.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 159-161, 204

George H. Giles Pohnpei (1873)

George H. Giles, a boatsteerer on "Avola," was discharged at Pohnpei in July 1873.

Sources: Bourne 1877: entry for July 1873

John Gill Pohnpei (1843-1845)

John Gill was an Englishman living on Pohnpei in 1843. He worked for Andrew Cheyne as a carpenter during his passage from China to Pohnpei. It is not clear whether Gill had lived on Pohnpei before and eas returning to what had become his home, of if he was being brought to the island for the first time. Gill was sick with influenza, which was passed on to the people of Yap during a visit of Cheyne's ship there. Gill was killed by George May on May 29, 1845, after the two of them got into a drunken quarrel on a whaleship standing off Kiti. May held Gill under water until he drowned.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 207-8, 257, 262, 269, 271-4, 319; Egerton 1846

Joaquin Gilmete Pohnpei (1889)

Joaquin Gilmete was a Portuguese living on Pohnpei in 1889. He resided in Kiti. Gilmete was given permission by the Spanish to use a hunting piece. Some years later, under German rule, he began to raise cattle on his homestead.

Sources: AHN 1898: 5858, 47-49

John Goliah Pohnpei (1839-1861)

John Goliah was a black Portuguese, probably from the Azores, who came to Pohnpei in 1839. He remained on Pohnpei until at least 1861. He was a "bad character" according to Andrew Cheyne. In 1854, during the smallpox epidemic, Dr. Gulick inoculated him and his three wives. Under the missionary's influence, Goliah started to learn how to read in 1857. Goliah piloted "Seashell" into the harbor of Metalanim in 1859.

"Goliah is a very large man, his tones are hoarse and peremptory. He treats the king as little more than his equal, and gives him one-half of all that he gets for pilotage in return for which he receives all the native food he needs for himself and his three wives. He wears a dirty shirt and trousers while piloting ships, but otherwise dresses only in a Pohnpeian skirt." He was a companion of the Nanmwarki of Madolenihmw.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 219; Wheldon 1856; HMCS: Gulick, 26 Mar 1855; Roberts 1865: Sturges to Robertson, 19 Nov 1861

William Gomes Pohnpei (1842)

William Gomes was put ashore on Pohnpei because of sickness by the whaleship "Elizabeth" in May 1842.

Sources: Hedge 1844: entry for May 1842

Patrick Gorman Kosrae, Pohnpei, Ngatik (1834-1839)

Patrick Gorman was on Kosrae in 1834 at the visit of "Waverly" (before it was cut off). He claimed to be there when all three ships were taken.

Gorman was on Pohnpei in 1836 during "Falcon" disaster. He took part in the Ngatik massacre in July 1837, and remained on Ngatik with James Hall afterwards. He was established as "Isipaw of the Island" (paramount chief).

He presented a wild and savage picture to the crew of "Larne" in 1839.

Sources: Appleton 1834; Blake 1924: 664

Joseph Griffiths Pohnpei (1854)

Joseph Griffiths deserted from the whaleship "Miantonomi" at Pohnpei on October 2, 1854.

Sources: Clement 1854: entry for 2 Oct 1854

Gumbria Pohnpei (1836-1838)

Gumbria was a supercargo aboard "Lambton" in 1836. He was left on Pohnpei with a companion by the name of Sindrey to trade. He deparated in 1838 after fifteen months on the island.

Sources: Blake 1924: encl 18-19

James Hall (alias Jim the Cooper) Pohnpei, Ngatik (1834-1837)

James Hall (alias Jim the Cooper) left the whaleship "Conway" at Pohnpei in 1834 or 1835. He was on Pohnpei in 1836 during the "Lambton" affair. He participated in the Ngatik massacre in 1837 and remained on Ngatik afterwards.

Sources: Blake 1924: 658, 664

Dick Hamilton Aur, Pingelap (1867-1868)

Dick Hamilton was an Australian who was put ashore on Aur as a trader in late 1867 by "Blossom." He worked for Ben Pease on Aur for a few months, but was taken off the island by a trade vessel after he and another white trader, Hughes, were poisoned by the people of Aur. He then went to Pingelap to work as an agent for Pease. His trade stock and all his belongings were stolen by the people, he claimed, and he was taken off Pingelap by one of Capelle's schooners after just a few months there.

Sources: US Consuls 1906: Dispatch 456 encl 5, testimony of Francis Coffin & encl 8, statement of Ben Pease; Restieaux 1869: 5-7; Shineberg 1971: 209

William Harris Pohnpei (1841)

William Harris was living on Pohnpei in 1840. He was still on the island in February 1841 at the visit of "Robert Edwards."

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 209; Howland 1841: entry for Feb 1841

Thomas Harrocks Pohnpei (1865)

Thomas Harrocks was an Englishman, a former convict, who piloted the "Shenandoah" to anchor at Pohnpei in 1865. He came to Pohnpei thirteen years earlier, in 1852. He married a native woman and had two children. He spoke English "with hesitation and difficulty."

Sources: Hunt 1857: 123-125

Bully (William Henry) Hayes Pohnpei, Mili, Kosrae (1871-1875)

Bully (William Henry) Hayes was born in Cleveland. He traded in the Marshalls and vicinity during the early 1870s with his rendezvous at Mili. He stationed traders at many of the islands in eastern Micronesia, cheating them when opportunity arose. Hayes soon moved into blackbirding, sailing from island to island recruiting plantation workers from the local population. In early 1874 Hayes was stranded on Kosrae for several months after his vessel "Leanora" was grounded there. For the remainder of the year he used Kosrae as base of his operations. Hayes was arrested in early 1875 when he turned up on Guam and was accused of smuggling prisoners off the island. After a few months in a Manila jail, Hayes returned to the US for a short time. On his return voyage, in March 1877, Hayes was killed by one of his crew in an argument aboard the "Lotus."

Sources: Moore 1872; Clune 1970; Hezel 1983: 233-237

George F. Hazard Mili, Ebon, Jaluit, Namorik, Pohnpei (1867-1883)

George F. Hazard was an American trader who came from a prominent family of whaling captains in New England. He came to the area in the 1860s sometime. He was mate of Ben Pease's "Blossom" in 1867. Soon afterwards he was trading on Mili for Pease. When Pease robbed his station in 1869, Hazard moved to Ebon. During the early 1870s he worked as a blacksmith for Capelle and lived on Jaluit. In 1876 he was hired to work for Farrell as a trader on Jaluit. Not longer afterwards he was brought to Namorik to trade for Farrell on that island, but he returned to Jaluit in November 1877. In the early 1880s (1880-1883) he was living on Pohnpei, where he served as an agent for Capelle & Co.

Sources: Farrell 1928: 335; Restieaux 1869; Young 1878: 10 July & 17 July 1876; US Consuls 1906: Dispatch 456, encl 2, letter of G.F. Hazard; Thurston 1885

Samuel Hedley Pohnpei (1853)

Samuel Hedley shipped aboard the whaleship "Milton" in October 1853 on Pohnpei.

Sources: Thompson 1856: entry for Oct 1853

John Higgins Pingelap, Mokil (1854-1861)

John Higgins was a native of Brewster, Massachusetts. Higgins had spent some time on one of the Line Islands before coming to the Carolines. He was put ashore sick on Mokil by a ship touching there in 1854. Higgins was still living on Mokil when the missionariy vessel "Morning Star" visited the island in 1857. He was described as "the head chief" by someone aboard the "Florida" in 1859. He was taken to Guam by "Florida" in February 1860, but perhaps brought back to Mokil later.

At some point, Higgins moved to Pingelap to trade. There he befriended a Gilbertese who had drifted to the island while he was living there. One night, in a drunken brawl, Higgins set his dog on the Gilbertese who killed the dog and then slit Higgins' stomach. After he had killed Higgins, the Gilbertese also killed Higgins' children before he was hunted down and finished off by islanders. Higgins died in September or October 1861.

Sources: Nautical Magazine, 1858: 453-454; The Friend, Oct 1863, 76; Williams 1964: 115-118; Dana 1935: 89-91

Hilston Ngatik (1873)

Hilston was living on Ngatik in February 1873.

Sources: Bourne 1877: entry for Feb 1873

William Holmes Pohnpei (1840)

William Holmes was living on Pohnpei in 1840.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 209

Thomas Horrocks Pohnpei (1858-1865)

Thomas Horrocks was a British subject living on Pohnpei in 1858. He was an escaped convict. Even so, he offered his services to the missionaries and attended Gulick's church services in 1858. At the coming of the Confederate raider "Shenandoah" in 1865, he acted as translator.

Sources: Browning 1976: 124-25; Roberts 1865: Letter of E. Roberts, 11 Aug 1858

Dr. Hutchinson Pohnpei (1852-1872)

Dr. Hutchinson was living on Pohnpei in 1872. He had come to Pohnpei more than twenty years before "as a roamer." He was said to have furnished glass windows for the Protestant church on Pohnpei.

Sources: Alexander 1973: 4

Lucien Huntington Mokil (1851-1857)

Lucien Huntington was an American who served as second mate on the whaleship "Harvest" and deserted on Mokil on December 1, 1851. He went ashore on duty and would not return. James Walker, an Englishman, lived there at the same time. Huntington was said to have drowned another man, perhaps Walker. Huntington was still living on Mokil in 1857.

Sources: Almy 1854: entry for 1 Dec 1851; Eilers 1934: 370; Fisher 1957: 32

Charles Hyde Pohnpei (1853)

Charles Hyde deserted on Pohnpei from the whaleship "Milton" in October 1853.

Sources: Thompson 1856: entry for Oct 1853

Thomas H. Pohnpei (1858)

Thomas H. (his full last name is unknown) was residing on Pohnpei in February 1858. He served as a pilot on the whaleship "Cicero" when it visited Pohnpei in that year.

Sources: Courtney 1860: entry for Feb 1858

Charles H. Ingalls Majuro, Pohnpei (1876-1880?)

Charles Ingalls was a young American physician who was living in Samoa when he was brought by Bully Hayes to Micronesia. In 1875 Hayes brought him to cure the chief of Butaritari, according to one version of the story, but another source says that he came up intending to practice medicine on Jaluit. Ingalls worked on Jaluit for Farrell's company for a short time, but signed on for Capelle & Co. as a trader on Majuro in 1876. In 1880 he was sent by Capelle & Co. to Pohnpei to work as an agent for the company there. Sometime after this he went into partnership with Capelle and DeBrum.

Sources: LeHunte 1883a: statement of Charles Ingalls; Thurston 1885; Young 1878: 24 June & 10 July 1876; Hernsheim 1983: 33; Clune 1970: 145-146

"Ocean Island Jack" Ngatik (1852-1875)

Ocean Island Jack" was a native of Ocean Island, now known as Banaba in Kiribati. He helped white residents there cut off the whaleship "Inga" in December 1852. He died on Ngatik around 1875 after living there many years.

Sources: Mallard 1855: 112-117

Thomas Jeffreys Pohnpei (1840)

Thomas Jeffreys was living on Pohnpei in 1840.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 209

George Joaquin Mokil (1869)

George Joaquin deserted at Mokil from the whaleship "Camilla" in September 1869.

Sources: Jones 1871: entry for Sept 1869

Ambrose Johnson Pohnpei (1854)

Ambrose Johnson was living on Pohnpei when he signed on the whaleship "Martha" in January 1854.

Sources: Meader 1857: entry for Jan 1854

Edward Johnson Pohnpei (1851-1858)

Edward Johnson was an American black born in Philadelphia and taken to New Hampshire as a boy. He signed on a whaleship, but after attempting to incite mutiny was put ashore in Galapagos. He was taken aboard by another ship, "Harvest," a few days later--but was soon confined to irons and discharged on Pohnpei in December 10, 1851. He lived on Pohnpei until his death in 1858. He lived in Kiti, serving as a harbor pilot in 1858 when the "Novara" put in. Johnson was "married" to several women, but his principal wife was said to be a half-white woman.

Rev. Albert Sturges called Johnson "the terror of the Pacific Ocean." Among the many violent acts attributed to him, Johnson killed the cook of the "Miantonomi" in 1855. One of the missioanries notes that "he had unbounded influence on the island, but he lost it long before he lost his life." Johnson was finally killed by a black named John on November 5, 1858. After a long quarrel with John, he was stabbed to death in front of a crowd of foreigners.

Sources: Almy 1854: entry for 10 Dec 1851; The Friend, 1 Nov 1859, 85; HMCS: Nahnkin of Kiti to Clark, Feb 1857; ABCFM: Sturges to Anderson, 1858

Manuel Jokaim Pohnpei (1851)

Manuel Jokaim, most likely from the Azores, was a boatsteerer aboard the whaleship "George & Mary." He deserted on Pohnpei on December 17, 1851.

Sources: Scovel 1852: entry for 17 Dec 1851

Joseph ? Pohnpei (1854-1858)

Joseph came to Pohnpei about 1854 and died there late in 1858.

Sources: HMCS: Letter of Sturges, 21 Dec 1858

Josephene Pohnpei (1865)

Josephene deserted from the whaleship "Charles W. Morgan" on January 28, 1865, on Pohnpei.

Sources: Landers 1867: entry for 28 Jan 1865

George Keenan Pohnpei (1830-1833)

George Keenan came to Pohnpei with James O'Connell. Although the facts surrounding the arrival of the two of them is a ni ture of fact and fabrication, Keenan seems to have arrived on Pohnpei about 1830 after e caping from a convict ship. Keenan and O'Connell stayed on Pohnpei until November 1833, leaving on the brig "Spy."

Sources: O'Connell 1972

Joseph Kehoe (Keough) Pohnpei, Satawan (1858-1896+)

Joseph Kehoe (perhaps originally Keough) was born in New York City on December 5, 1826. He left the US in 1855 and arrived on Pohnpei, probably after some wandering through the Pacific, in 1858. He settled in Madolenihmw, married a local woman, and piloted ships for many years. He also sold beche-de-mer and other produce to traders. In 1868, he sold a load of beche-de-mer to the "Malolo." He left Pohnpei briefly in 1880 to trade on Satawan for a few months, but he was "found in destitution" by the missionary brig "Morning Star" and was brought back on Pohnpei that same year. Kehoe helped FW Christian with his researches at Nan Madol. In 1896 Kehoe was still on Pohnpei after almost forty years.

Sources: Ma well 1881; Bridges 1870; PNA leg 13, esp 42; Wood 1875: 169; Wawn 1874: 52; ABCFM: Sturges 17 May 1880 & Logan 31 Mar 1880

Samuel Kelly Pohnpei (1853)

Samuel Kelly was living on Pohnpei in October 1853 when he signed on the whaleship "Milton."

Sources: Thompson 1856: entry for Oct 1853

Joe King Pohnpei (1882)

Joe King was a boatsteerer of the "Palmetto" who was discharged on Kiti, Pohnpei, in April 1882. The log entry says of King: "Another good man drove out of the ship by our mate."

Sources: Tripp 1884: entry for Apr 1882

William Knight Pohnpei (1881-1887)

William Knight, an Englishman, was an agent for Hernsheim & Co. on Pohnpei in 1881 living in the northwest part of the island. He was building a sugar mill in hopes that a San Francisco firm might back the business. He was still on Pohnpei in 1887.

Sources: Thurston 1885; LeHunte 1883a: 26; Ma well 1881; PNA leg 13, e p 42

John S. Kubary Pohnpei, Palau, Yap, Nukuoro, Mortlocks, Chuuk, Jaluit (1869-1896)

John S. Kubary was a native of Poland, but a naturalized British citizen. Since 1869 he travelled in the Pacific as a naturalist for Godeffroy Co. He lived in Samoa for si months at the end of 1869, then travelled to Marshalls on "Sofia" in April 1870. In August 1870, Kubary went to Yap, where he spent five months. In January 1871, he went to Palau, staying there for more than two years. In May 1873, he sailed on "Iserbrook" visiting Ulithi, Ngulu, Woleai, Nukuoro, and Mortlocks, arriving in Pohnpei in August 1873. He left Pohnpei a year later in August 1874 on "Alfred" which went aground and went down with many of his specimens. Kubary spent some weeks on Jaluit before sailing for New Zealand in December 1874. After spending some months in Europe during 1875, he sailed back to the Pacific. In late 1875, he stopped at Pohnpei, built a house and established a plantation.

In February 1877 he set out for the Mortlocks where he spent a few months--until the end of May. In May 1878, a year later he left for Chuuk and remained there until August 1879.

He returned to Pohnpei and married Anna Yellot. When the company crashed, Godeffroy & Sons released Kubary, who turned to his plantation. His plantation was destroyed by a typhoon in 1882 and he worked in Tokyo for a few months. He returned to Pohnpei, visited Palau again in early 1883 and remained in the western Carolines until 1885. In September 1885 Kubary went aboard "Albatross" to New Britain and New Guinea. He remained at work in Melanesia until 1892 when he went to Germany for a few months.

He returned to New Guinea and worked there until 1895 when he settled again in Pohnpei. He found that his plantation had been devastated in the uprising against the Spanish. In October 1896, a few months after his return, Kubary committed suicide on the grave of his only son. A daughter was sent to Singapore to be educated in a convent school and later became a nun.

Sources: LeHunte 1883a: statement of Kubary; Spoehr 1963: 69-98; Paszkowski 1971

Jack Lacey Mokil, Ngatik (1837-1840?)

Jack Lacey was brought to Ngatik by Captain Hart of the "Lambton" in 1837. He probably was living on Pohnpei before then. He then lived on Mokil for some years before he drowned there.

Sources: Blake 1924: encl 16

Evan Lewis Jaluit, Palau, Yap, Pohnpei, Lamotrek (c1870-1895)

Evan Lewis was a Welshman, born in 1855. In the 1870s he served as an engineer on a steam launch that operated in Samoa under Captain Heinburger. He lived on Jaluit for a while. Came to Palau on the brig "Susannah" to trade for Capelle & Co, along with David Martens, his partner. After a quarrel with Martens, Lewis came to Yap where he settled for a time. His first arrival in Yap must have been during the late 1870s. He also spent time on Palau as an agent for Capelle & Co. He arrived in Palau on "Susannah", perhaps as early as 1876 but certainly before 1880. He left for Pohnpei aboard the "Matilda" in 1880. He returned to Yap later that year and went almost directly to Lamotrek, where he served as resident trader from 1880 to 1883. Lewis married a Chamorro woman and had a large family by the time F. W. Christian met him in the early 1890s. Lewis was living in Yap, working in Ngingich, but doing trading runs to the outer islands now and then.

Lewis was described in a statement given aboard the British naval ship "Espiegle" in 1883: "Lewis is aged 28, medium height, light build, dark hair, good looking, has some education, knows navigation, well behaved but drinks."

Sources: LeHunte 1883a: statement of Charles Ingalls; Young 1881: 20 Oct 1880; Christian 1967: 238

Joaquin Lopez Pohnpei (1887)

Joaquin Lopez was a Portuguese living on Pohnpei in 1887.

Sources: PNA: leg 13, e p 42

John Mahlmann Pohnpei (1868-1871)

John Mahlmann came to Pohnpei aboard "Water Lily" in August 1868. He remained there to manage Pease's lumber and trade business. He left in February 1871 on a whaleship for Shanghai.

Sources: Mahlmann 1918: 51-82

Malley Pohnpei (1874)

Malley deserted on Pohnpei from "Sunbeam" in June 1874. He may have been captured soon afterwards, though.

Sources: Lavers 1875: entry for June 1874

Mander Pohnpei (1880-1887)

Mander was an American trader on Pohnpei during the early 1880s (between 1880 and 1883). He was still living on Pohnpei in 1887.

Sources: Thurston 1885; PNA leg 13, e p 42

McCann Pohnpei (1880)

McCann was a trader on Pohnpei living near Ponatik Harbor in February 1880.

Sources: Young 1881: entry for Feb 1880

John McFarlane Pohnpei (1838-1840)

John McFarlane was a Scot who came to Pohnpei about 1838. He deserted from an Oahu schooner after taking part in a mutiny in which the captain and chief mate were killed. Fr. Maigret, a Catholic missionary who worked on the island for si months, mentions a "McFarling" in 1838. McFarlane was killed by other whites in 1840 for killing another white resident.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 208-210

John Macvie Ngatik, Pohnpei (1841)

John Macvie was a Scot living on Ngatik when the bark "Clarinda" visited there in 1841. He had built a still and was making spirits. He was 50 years old, 5'6" tall. The captain of "Clarinda" regarded him as a "dangerous, vile and suspicious character." Macvie had left Scotland because he was wanted for smuggling. He intended to live out his life on Ngatik. Macvie was settled on Ngatik after the massacre in 1837; he was brought there from Pohnpei by Captain Hart. Macvie was said to have deserted from "Offley" at Pohnpei in 1841.

Sources: Blake 1924: 666-667

John McWilliams Mokil (1851)

John McWilliams was a young Scotish seaman on "Harvest" who took up residence on Mokil when he was left there sick on December 2, 1851.

Sources: Almy 1854: entry for 2 Dec 1851; Ward 1967: vol 4, 614

William Marshall Pohnpei, Ngatik (1836)

William Marshall signed on "Lambton" in Manila in December 1836 and came to Pohnpei. He stayed for si months while the "Lambton," under Captain Charles Hart, perpetrated the massacre on Ngatik. Marshall was the chief witness against Captain Hart of "Lambton" in trial proceedings, perhaps because of his previous quarrels with him.

Marshall was generally regarded as a "most abandoned character." He told people on Pohnpei that he was a son of the Earl of Pomfret and so had swindled a number of people. One contemporary says of him that "he was a great drunkard."

Sources: Blake 1924: 660-661, encl 16-17

John Martin Pohnpei (1839-1840)

John Martin was an American black living on Pohnpei in 1839. He served as pilot for the "Larne." He was mentioned again in 1840 as living "across from Ta Pale."

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 209; Blake 1924: 666-667

Francis Mason Pohnpei, Mokil (1847)

Francis Mason was living on Pohnpei in 1847. He came to Mokil in that year on the whaleship "Nile." He was said to be the first white resident on Mokil.

Sources: The Friend, Mar 1853, 18

George May Pohnpei, Ngatik (1843-1853)

George May was a Portuguese who was living on Pohnpei in 1843. He murdered McFarlane, John Gill and some Maoris while on the island. He was apprehended by HMS "Hazard" in 1845 and taken off the island, but later freed. Rev. Gulick accuses him of flogging to death a Frenchman, supercargo of the ship on which they were sailing at Kosrae in 1849 or 1850. Yet, he supported the coming of the first missionaries to Pohnpei in 1852. Not long afterwards he was killed by another trader on Ngatik.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 207-208; Egerton 1846

John Millet Chuuk, Pohnpei (1887)

John Millet was an American who was living on Pohnpei for some time during the 1880s. He came to Nama to work as a trader in 1887.

Sources: Logan 1888: 27

Richard Mills Pohnpei (1843)

Richard Mills deserted from whaleship "Omega" on March 27, 1843, at Pohnpei.

Sources: Haggerty 1844: entry for 27 Mar 1843

Teinnan N. Pingelap (1869-1871)

Teinnan N (known as DuBois in Mahlmann's book) was a Frenchman, the sole survivor of fourteen men shipwrecked on Wallis Island. He was taken off Wallis by Pease and travelled with him on "Leonora" for si months in what had been his own schooner, now chartered to Pease. He was deliberately stranded by Pease on Pingelap for several months until taken off by a whaler in February 1871. The Frenchman, who was about si ty years old at this time, later sailed to Manila to testify against Pease, returned to Guam with his adopted island girl, and was not heard of again.

Sources: Cholmondeley 1915: 142-144; Mahlmann 1918: 83-91

Nahnsen Ant, Pohnpei (1880)

Nahnsen was trading on Ant Island in February 1880.

Sources: Young 1881: entry for Feb 1880

Frederick Narruhn Kiribati, Pohnpei, Chuuk (1884-1898)

Frederick Narruhn was a German, born in Nuremberg but raised in Hamburg after his father died. After finishing school in Germany, he reportedly moved to Te as to complete his education. After a stint in the US Navy during which he received his master's license, Narruhn headed for the Pacific. In his own schooner "Neptune" he sailed to Samoa in his late 20s. There he met an young Australian woman, Lucy, whom he later married. For a time he roamed the Pacific, visiting Fiji, Tarawa, and the Ellice Islands. Around 1882 he came to Pohnpei for the first time, bought some land in Kiti, and set up a store. Pohnpei was to be his permanent home, even after he e panded his operations to Chuuk. He first visited Chuuk in his schooner in 1884, set up a trade station, and visited off and on during the ne t several years. During his time in Chuuk he provided much assistance to Robert Logan and the Protestant missionaries. On Pohnpei he e panded his business from Kiti to Kolonia and established two stores there. He lived on Pohnpei for 16 years in all, dying on Pohnpei in 1898.

Sources: Willie Narruhn, Reminiscences; Farrell 1928: 341-342; ABCFM: Robert Logan, 20 Mar 1886; PNA leg 12, e p 83

John Nash Pohnpei (1873)

John Nash was on Pohnpei in February 1873 awaiting passage to Duke of York Island. He left the island on "Avola" at that time.

Sources: Bourne 1877: entry for Feb 1873

George A. Neader Pohnpei (1856)

Goerge A. Neader shipped aboard the whaleship "Martha" in March 1856.

Sources: Meader 1857: entry for Mar 1856

Pierre Nedelic Pohnpei, Nama, Etal, Chuuk (c1890-1920+)

Pierre Nedelic was a Frenchman who, according to family tradition, was put off a whaleship on Pohnpei for stealing a tent from the ship and giving it to a girlfriend. The date of his arrival on Pohnpei is uncertain, but most likely it would have been in the early 1890s. While on Pohnpei, Nedelic was hired by Narruhn to work on his schooner and help him in his trade business. Nedelic later bought his own schooner, though, and went to the Mortlocks to trade about 1900. He resided on Nama for a short time and then moved to Etal. He married a woman from Etal and moved to Chuuk about 1901 or 1902. He bought land on Fefan and spent a few years there, but finally moved to Uman to reside. He traded for Nanyo Boeki during the years of Japanese mandate. He is said to have died in the late 1920s.

Sources: Willie Narruhn, Reminiscences; Brown n.d.: vol 1, 130; Deutsche Konialamt 1901: 634-635

Neldes Pohnpei (1856)

Mr. Neldes was fourth mate of the whaleship "Young Hector." He deserted at Pohnpei in March 1856.

Sources: Smith 1857: entry for Mar 1856

Captain Newald (aka Captain Di ie) Pohnpei (1860-1862)

Captain Newald, originally from Boston, was living on Pohnpei in 1860-1861 after his ship ran aground. He sailed off with "Liholiho" in early 1862.

Sources: The Friend, Jan 1863, 6; Roberts 1865: Sturges to Roberts, 27 Oct 1861

Michael Nugent Pohnpei (1877-1883)

Michael Nugent was a British trader residing on Pohnpei in 1880-1883. He was brought to Pohnpei by the "Tutuila" in April 1877.

Sources: Young 1881: 22 Apr 1877; Thurston 1885

James O'Connell Pohnpei (1830-1833)

James O'Connell, an Irishman, came to Pohnpei about 1830 on a ship he claims was wrecked at the island. O'Connell and his companion, George Keenan, were probably e -convicts from Australia who may have jumped ship on Pohnpei. O'Connell wrote a book about his years on the island that was a reasonably accurate description of the culture despite his occasional imaginative passages and misleading statement. O'Connell left Pohnpei on the brig "Spy" in November 1833, but was accused of insubordination by the master of the ship and handed over to authorities in Manila. O'Connell was never brought to trial, however, and made his way to the US where he entertained circus audiences for years afterwards with his tattoos and the Irish jig that he claimed saved his life on Pohnpei.

Sources: O'Connell 1972; Hezel 1983: 110-112

Thomas O'Day Mokil (1881)

Thomas O'Day was a trader who lived in the Ellice Islands in 1872 and later worked in the southern Gilberts for a time. He then came to the Carolines, where he worked on Mokil as a trader for Capelle & Co. He was living on Mokil in June 1881.

Sources: Young 1881:entry for June 1881; Munro 1987: 93

Captain "JTO" Pohnpei (1873)

Captain "JTO" was the master of the schooner "Lucy." He gave up his command and went to live on Pohnpei in October 1873.

Sources: Wawn 1874: 141-142

Overbeck Pohnpei (1852)

Overbeck was a German living ashore on Pohnpei in November 1852 fishing for trepang.

Sources: Skogman 1856: 105

Ned Owen Pohnpei, Mokil (1852)

Ned Owen was living on Pohnpei in 1852. He visited Mokil at this time with a companion named Biddle. Owen shipped as mate on the "Caroline," leaving Pohnpei in September 1852.

Sources: The Friend, Mar 1853, 18

Antone Pantone Pohnpei (1851)

Antone Pantone was a boatsteerer aboard the whaleship "George & Mary" when he deserted on Pohnpei on December 17, 1851.

Sources: Scovel 1852: entry for 17 Dec 1851

Parker Ngatik (1837)

Parker was settled on Ngatik by Captain Hart of "Lambton" after the massacre on that island in 1837.

Sources: Blake 1924: 666-667

Paton Pohnpei (1863)

Mr. Paton, second mate of the whaleship "Triton," deserted at Pohnpei in October 1863.

Sources: Packard 1865: entry for Oct 1863

Patterson Kapingamarangi (1897)

Patterson was a trader living on Kapingamarangi in 1897 as an agent for Mrs. Forsayth (Kolbe).

Sources: Biskup 1974b: 119

Benjamin Pease Pohnpei (1866-1871)

Benjamin Pease was an American who sometimes passed himself off as a lieutenant in the US Navy. He served on an American whaler before deserting in the early 1850s. He made settled in the Bonin Islands for a while and married there. His wife, Susan, had a Ngatikese nurse when she was young. With financial backing from a Honolulu firm, he acquired three trading vessels and began trading operationns in eastern Micronesia aabout 1866. He was captain of "Water Lily" ("Pioneer" or "Leonora") and owner of the "Blossom" and "Malolo." He traded timber and coconut oil from Pohnpei and Marshalls to China.

Pease first came to Pohnpei in a small ketch in 1866 with a Swedish carpenter and made two more trips to that island in the following year. He left for Honolulu to secure additional financial support, returning to Pohnpei in 1868 to make his base there. He purchased Cheyne's old landholdings in Kiti to use as the headquarters for his business. Soon he was e panding his business interests into timber and agriculture.

Before long Pease was being reported for his fraud to US consular offices. He was arrested on Guam in February 1871 on charges lodged by Mahlmann and transported to Manila for trial. From there he was taken on USS "Colorado" and brought to Shanghai and confined in jail for four months. Then he went to Yokahama. Pease disappeared on October 9, 1874--his body was found in a canoe with signs of a struggle. The suspected assassin was a Negro by the name of Spencer.

Sources: Mahlmann 1918; Cholmondeley 1915: 116, 121-124; Hezel 1983: 227-233

John Petus Pohnpei (1844)

John Petus deserted at Pohnpei from "Phoebe" in April 1844.

Sources: Harris 1847: entry for Apr 1844

Edward Piggington Pohnpei (1840)

Edward Piggington was residing in Madolenihmw, Pohnpei. He was killed by McFarlane in 1840 for buying shell from one of McFarlane's suppliers.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 208-209

Manuel Pimentel Pohnpei (1889)

Manuel Pimentel was a Portuguese living on Pohnpei in 1880. Pimentel was granted permission by the Spanish administration to reside permanently on the island.

Sources: AHN 5858, 47-48

John Plumb Pohnpei (1836)

John Plumb was a seaman from the "Falcon," a ship wrecked in 1836, Plumb was living on Pohnpei afterwards.

Sources: Blake 1924: encl 23-27

A. Pond Pohnpei (1868-1870)

A. Pond was a white resident of Pohnpei in 1868. He managed a lumber mill operating at Madolenihmw River and was one of the partners in the enterprise. He complained to USS "Jamestown" in 1870 of being cheated by Pease.

Sources: Mahlmann 1918: 46-47

Graham Poorten Pohnpei (1856)

Graham Poorten was living on Pohnpei in September 1856. He signed on the whaleship "Emily Morgan" at that time.

Sources: Chase 1859: entry for Sept 1856

George W. Punchard Pohnpei (c1838)

George W. Punchard, originally from Salem, Massachusetts, spent more than a year on Pohnpei about 1835-1838. He died in Honolulu on October 10, 1852 at the age of 35.

Sources: The Friend, Oct 1852, 64; Hambruch 1932: 99

Pupoulaski Pohnpei (1887)

Pupoulaski was a Pole living on Pohnpei in 1887.

Sources: PNA leg 13, e p 42

Herbert L. Rand Pohnpei ( 1891-1892)

Herbert L. Rand was the brother of ABCFM missionary, Rev. Frank Rand, resident of Carthage. He arrived on November 10, 1891. He built a small house in Kolonia. He left Pohnpei on March 2, 1892, when his office was discontinued.

Sources: Despatches from Pohnpei, 1890-1892, US Archives.

Frederick Randall Pohnpei, Ngatik (1836-1840)

Frederick Randall was on Pohnpei in 1836 and took part in the "Lambton" affair, in which several seamen revenged the killing of some of the crew of a whaleship. Randall was settled at Ngatik in late 1837 by Captain Hart, but he returned to Pohnpei and was living there in 1840.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 209; Blake 1924: 658-666

William Rank Pohnpei (1854)

William Rank deserted from the whaleship "Ellen" on Pohnpei in November 1854. He may have been captured soon after this, however.

Sources: Hu ford 1856: entry for Nov 1854

John Rees Kapingamarangi, Chuuk, Faraulep, Nukuoro, Marshalls, Yap (1877-1883?)

John Rees, a Welshman, first came to Micronesia in 1877 as mate of the "Tetuila." He had been in Samoa previous to this. He may have stayed with the ship in the Marshalls for the first year, but in 1878 he moved to Pohnpei as an agent for Capelle & Co. He stayed on Pohnpei for an indefinite period of time before moving to Nukuoro in June 1880. There he found a wife, Nuli, whom he took with him to his other posts. He may have also visited Kapingamarangi at this time. He supposedly also spent two months in Yap--September to November 1880. In June 1881, he moved to the Mortlocks to work as an agent at the same time that George Barrows was trading on Namoluk. In 1882 Rees left the Mortlocks and returned to Kapingamarangi. While there he reputedly had his trading rival, George Barrows, drowned by the local people and Barrows' two Gilbertese helpers killed. Rees left Kapingamarangi for Pohnpei on the "Beatrice" and then shipped aboard the "Caroline" as its mate. He was wrecked in Faroulep in 1883 and forced to remain on that island for a time. There is no word of him after that.

Rees was described as "a middle-aged man, nostrils affected by syphilitic cancer, tattoed with an elephant dancing girl, has the appearance of a heavy drinker--swaggering gait--wear rings--ears pierced...usually dressed in shirt, trousers and monkey jacket--slouched straw hat without ribbon--shirt oepn at the breast." [Deryck Scarr, "Fragments of Empire," 118]

Sources: LeHunte 1883a: 28, 55, statement of James Curry, statement of Ilaisa Mativa; Westwood 1905: 135-139

Richard Reid Pohnpei (1842)

Richard Reid was a black American residing on Pohnpei in December 1842. Andrew Cheyne hired him to cure trepang.

Sources: Shineberg 1971: 202

Alfred Restieaux Mili, Pohnpei, Pingelap (c1869-1872)

Alfred Restieaux was a Londoner of French descent who came to the Pacific at the age of twelve. He spent time in Australia, Peru and the western United States before sailing to honolulu. There he was signed on by a trading firm and brought to the Marshalls. Restieaux lived on Mili as a trading agent for nine months in the late 1860s. When his firm sold out to a Shanghai company, Ben Pease brought him to Pohnpei to trade for him. Restieaux worked for Pease on Pohnpei until the company folded. In August 1871, Bully Hayes took Restieaux aboard the "Leonora" and put him on Pingelap as a resident trader. Restieaux stayed until May 1872, when he was taken by Hayes to Samoa by way of Kosrae, Pingelap and Ujelang. Restieaux lived in Samoa until his death in November 1911.

Sources: Dana 1935: 120-124, 189-196; Munro 1987: 96; Restieaux 1869

Reynolds Pohnpei (1852)

Reynolds was in Kiti, Pohnpei, in 1852 when the first Protestant missionaries arrived. He was said to have "had resided there a long time."

Sources: Ward 1967: vol 4, 165

George Richards Pohnpei (1835-1837)

George Richards was an Englishman, born in 1804. He was serving as a hand on the English whaleship "Corsair" when it was wrecked near Pohnpei. He lived on Pohnpei for eighteen months, from early 1835 to mid-1836, then signed on the whaleship "Falcon" just before its wreck. He remained on Pohnpei until September 1837 when he signed on "Lambton."<